| The village of Busha in the
Yampil district is located on the banks of a swift river Byshanka.
The main historical places of interest date back to different centuries,
namely settlements of Trypill, Scythian, Cherniahovskoj culture
and Old Russian settlements to the Õ²-Õ²² centuries, underground
passages and defensive fortress to the XVI-XVII centuries, pre-Christian
rock church with unique Bush relieves to the V-XVI centuries, the
town council to the XVII century, medieval cemetery to the XVII-XIX
centuries, the park of stone sculpture – to the XX century. Everything
gives proof that people have been living here for more than one
century.
Village of Busha
In 1883 V.B. Antonovich, Professor of the Kiev
University discovered in the Busha a unique relief, dating back
to the pre-Christian times. A tree without leaves, a cock, a deer,
a man on knees and a mysterious quadrangle were left on the rock
by an unknown artist. It is like nothing on earth. Till nowadays
scientists try to decode the painting and understand the message
of an ancient artist, some inventing inconceivable theories, connected
with aliens - they think the quadrangle to be a computer’s monitor.
Some archeological digs of this area, namely
ceramics date to the period of Cherniahovskoj culture in the II-IV
centuries.
At the second half of the XVI century the Busha
lands were owned by the crowned chancellor and Hetman Yan Zamojskij,
and later by his son Tomash. At that time the construction of the
castle with six towers, connected by underground passages began.
Every tower had a powder magazine. One observing tower remained
till nowadays. High and solid walls of the castle were able to stand
any attack of the enemy. The town was actively developing and by
the beginning of the XVII century it turned into quite a large town
of Brazlavschina.
Bysha entered the history of Ukraine as one
of honorable landmarks during the Liberation War in 1648-1654. Almost
all male population, the ones who were able to wear weapon, left
for the Bogdan Khmelnitskij army. The enemies counted on an easy
victory when they learned that mainly women and children remained
in the town.
The residents decided to defend their town
till the end. Women and children took the weapon. The assailants
did not expect resistance that is why their cruelty and rage were
boundless; they killed everybody, who came along their way. The
residents poured hot pitch on the gentry, threw stones from high
walls of the fortress in order to defend their freedom. Soon there
were not many defenders left and Mariana, Zavisnuj’s widow became
the head of the defense. When she realized that they would not be
able to resist any longer, she gathered the last residents, they
locked themselves in one of the power magazines and set themselves
on the fire. An awful explosion destroyed not only the last defenders
but a lot of enemies as well. The tragic defense of the town became
the symbol of courage of the Ukrainian people.
medieval cemetery
These events impressed a Ukrainian writer M.Staritskij,
thus a famous novel «The Busha defense» appeared.
Almost no residents remained in the town; the
grass hid the ruins of the fortress and only survived towers, black
from the fire reminded of those events.
The rebirth of the town lasted for almost the
century. An observing tower of the fortress, cellars and underground
passages, covered by stones remained till nowadays. Centuries are
inexorably destroying this ancient memorial; many fragments are
becoming hardly distinguishable…
The museum under the sky – the park of historical
sculpture- is situated around the survived tower of the fortress.
Gifted modern masters and painters embodied the history of the area
in the sculptures of local sand stone, combining legends with reality.
Use a unique
opportunity to touch the antiquity with Vinnitsa Ragional Agency
of Traveling and Excursions. |
